May 22-24, 2012 in the pottery capital of Ukraine - pos. Oposhnya, Poltava region-the International Ceramological Symposium "Pottery in the food culture of the peoples of the world" was held. The forum was organized by: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Institute of Folk Studies of NASU National Museum-Reserve of Ukrainian Pottery in Oposhna, National Museum of Ukrainian Folk Decorative Art, National Center of Folk Culture "Ivan Gonchar Museum". Ukrainian Ceramic Society, Ukrainian Cultural Foundation, National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus, Omsk Branch of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAET SB RAS).

The main purpose of the symposium is to clarify the place and role of pottery in the food culture of the peoples of the world from ancient times to the present, to study local and general features of its use, to identify interethnic mutual influences and interrelations in this sphere of material culture. Experts in ancient and modern pottery from Ukraine, Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan took part in its work in various formats.

The official part of the symposium was opened by the Director of the Institute of Ceramology, a branch of the Institute of Folk Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Professor A. Poshivailo. To welcome the participants, the floor was presented to L. Dyachenko, General Director of the National Museum-Reserve of Ukrainian Pottery in Oposhna, L. Tataurova, Senior Researcher of the Archeology Sector of the Omsk Branch of the Institute of Applied History of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and I. Beketova, Head of the Scientific and Stock Work Department of the National Museum of Ukrainian Folk Decorative Arts (Kiev). At the opening of the symposium, welcoming letters were read out by the Minister of Culture of Ukraine M. Kulinyak, President of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine akad. B. Paton, Director of the Institute of Folk Studies of NASU akad. S. Pavlyuk.

The plenary session began with a speech by L. Mylnikova "Pottery in the pit culture-

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population of the Amur region (I millennium BC-1 millennium AD)" (co - authors of the report-Ye. Derevyanko and S. Nesterov). The emphasis was placed on analyzing dishes and determining their functional affiliation. It is noted that archaeologists most often pay attention to one of the aspects of food culture - the function of clay products. An attempt is made to trace the development of ceramics from the Early Iron Age (the Uril, Talakan, and Mikhailovsky cultures) to the Early Middle Ages (the Nayfeld and Trinity Mohe groups). Recipes for composing molding masses, methods of manufacturing products and their morphological characteristics, the degree of structural dismemberment, the presence of traces of domestic use in the form of carbon deposits are the basis for judgments about the functions of clay vessels.

L. Chmil in the report "Functional purpose and names of tableware in Ukraine of the XVI-XVIII centuries" presented the main forms of tableware of the medieval population of Ukraine, including not only traditional dishes used by the common people, but also borrowed from other types of decorative and applied arts and common in the layers of townspeople and burghers.

N. Borenko in her speech "Pottery of the Ukrainian Polesie in the culture of folk food: archaic stereotypes as a manifestation of ethnic identity" noted that the system of folk food of the Ukrainian Polesie has ancient deep traditions. The study of the recipes of dishes, the use of pottery, its names, rules of behavior, regulations, rituals and prohibitions allows us to identify specific features of their originality and archaism.

In the report of E. Klimenko "Pottery of Ukrainians as an artistic phenomenon" dishes were considered from the point of view of art criticism as a national treasure. The features of forms and decor were analyzed, and functions were determined. A systematization of dishes according to individual characteristics is proposed: purpose, technological features, morphology of shape and decor.

The working session was opened by A. Geiko's report " Pottery in Scythian burials (based on the materials of the Dnieper forest-steppe left bank)". The author concluded that vessels were placed in the graves of the forest-steppe population of the Dnieper left bank in the 7th-early 3rd centuries BC for the purpose of performing funeral rituals. Ordinary household utensils used earlier for cooking and eating food, beverages, and storing food served as a funeral service.

K.'s speech Rakhno "Clay forms for baking bread among the South Slavs: ritual actions before consumption" was devoted to ritual actions related to the use of forms for baking bread in the everyday life of the South Slavs.

V. Ilyushina in the report "Ceramic production of the population of the Alakul culture (based on the materials of the Uk-3 settlement of the Pritobolye region)" presented the results of a technical and technological analysis of Alakul Bronze Age ceramics from the Uk-3 settlement (Zavodoukovsky district, Tyumen region). The obtained information allows us to speak about the skills of the carriers of the Alakul culture of the Lower part of the Volga region in the selection and preparation of initial plastic raw materials, the composition of molding masses, the design of vessels, the processing of their surfaces, and the firing of finished products.

R. Motyl in her presentation "Black-flattened dishes of Ukrainians: spiritual, artistic and practical essence" analyzed black-flattened ceramics from different territories of Ukraine. The main forms of products, decor and ways of use were described. The author presented the collection of folk pottery, which is kept in the storerooms of the Museum of Folk Architecture and Everyday Life and the Museum of Ethnography and Art Craft (Lviv), and highlighted the main problems of museumification.

A. Shcherban in his report "The interdependence of decoration and purpose of pottery of the beginning of the Iron age of Left-bank Ukraine", having considered the vessels of the second half of the VIII-beginning of the III century BC, stated that at the beginning of this period the most decorated was tableware for drinks. Over time, the ornamentation of such products was simplified, which can be traced in the design of kitchen vessels. The author explains this process by the evolution of knowledge and beliefs of the inhabitants of the Left-bank Ukraine and the fading of traditions brought by immigrants from the Dnieper right bank.

L. Tataurova's report "The clay pot as an archetype in the Slavic-Russian culture" was devoted to the analysis of the main type of Russian tableware - the pot, which existed in the Slavic-Russian culture for more than 1,000 years. Its functions in the material, spiritual, myth-religious and ritual spheres are considered. The features inherent in the clay pot as an archetype are revealed.

O. Kovalenko in her presentation "Functionality of pottery (in the context of typological and attribution approach)" considered the evolution of pottery forms and suggested dividing the entire range into groups according to their use in everyday life. Examples of contemporary artists ' appeal to traditional forms in the manufacture of their own products were shown.

I. Beketova's report "Forms of pottery in the collection of the National Museum of Ukrainian Folk Decorative Arts" was devoted to the description of samples of folk pottery kept in the storerooms of this museum.

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O. Karazhey in her speech "Pottery in the South of Ukraine" spoke about the problems of attributing the collection of pottery collected by the staff of the Odessa Museum of Local Lore during field expeditions.

I. Serdyuk in his report "A Cossack doesn't drink from a small glass": dishes and culture of alcohol consumption in the society of the Hetmanate of the XVIII century" announced the results of a study of the culture of alcohol consumption in the Cossack environment of the Hetmanate, and also presented the nomenclature of dishes intended for storing and consuming alcoholic beverages.

L. Metkaya, who presented the report " The bowl in Ukrainian medicine (the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the XXI century)", showed the dynamics of the use of earthenware, in particular bowls, in Ukrainian medicine since the second half of the last century. Sources of information and regions where healing magic rites with the use of a bowl were used were named. Personal field materials were widely used. Ethnographic information was presented on the use of the bowl as a container for consecrated water in the process of pouring "fright on wax" and "hair", "whispering of the evil eye", as well as for fumigating "erysipelas", treating "toothache", "soyashnitsa" (abdominal disease), "black fire" (anthrax). It is concluded that Ukrainian healers used old, sometimes inherited, bowls specially designed for the ritual and kept them separate from the dishes for everyday use.

The report of R. Lugova and O. Kovalenko "Dishes with sacrificial food in children's burials of the catacomb cultural and historical community" analyzed the materials of children's burials from excavations in 2007-2011. They contain clay products of different shapes. A description of children's burials with sacrificial complexes was given.

T. Zinenko in her speech "Thirteen and a half million, or the History of Poltava porcelain of its last twenty years" presented the main forms of products of the Poltava Porcelain Factory, which were produced in the last decades of its existence.

Zh. Chechel in her report "Zoomorphic pottery as an attribute of ritual in the traditional everyday culture of Ukrainians of the XIX-early XXI centuries" analyzed the variants of modifications and transformations of dishes: from ritual to everyday.

B. Poshivailo, who made a report "On the history of the appearance of Oposhnyansky fire bricks as a material for the construction of heat engineering structures", revealed the reasons for the emergence of new types of heat engineering structures from the second half of the XIX century-the beginning of the production of fire bricks.

G. Galyan gave a speech "Excursion to the pottery of the Ukrainian left bank in the exposition of the Poltava Museum of Local Lore" and introduced her colleagues to the collection of pottery in the museum's exposition.

T. Zinenko's report " Pottery production in Poltava region in the last third of the XX century: formation of a worldview or satisfaction of needs?" It was devoted to the problems of cultural traditions imposed on the population of Soviet Ukraine by promoting mass-consumption goods that were produced in large volumes at the factory. An example of popular culture is the products of the Poltava Porcelain Factory.

O. Lykova in her speech "Ceramics of Mykhailo Kitrish: forming a personal collection of tableware in the National Museum-Reserve of Ukrainian Pottery in Opopsh" showed ways to replenish personal collections using the example of dishes of a famous Ukrainian potter stored in this museum.

O. Belko's report "Exhibitions as a form of popularization of pottery (late XIX-early XX centuries)" was devoted to the analysis of the exhibition activities of the Poltava provincial zemstvo. Considering-

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There were zemstvo initiatives regarding the participation of potters in county exhibitions of the province.

The reports aroused interest and lively discussion. The symposium recognized their high scientific level, the breadth of issues discussed at the forum, and the fruitfulness of international scientific communication. Questions were raised about the use of special methods for laboratory research of clay products, closer cooperation of ceramologists from Ukraine, Russia and other countries. Participants noted the good organization of meetings and discussions. Each participant of the symposium became the owner of a Certificate.

The forum included presentations of monographs by K. Rakhno "Perunovo flame: Mythology and ritual of Slavic potters", R. Motyl "Ukrainian black-fleshed ceramics of the XIX-early XXI centuries", L. Metkoi" Pottery of Sloboda Ukraine of the second half of the XIX - first half of the XX century", L. Ovcharenko " Pottery of Makarova) Yara (second half of the XIX - first half of the XX century)"; IX issue of the National Scientific Yearbook "Bibliography of Ukrainian Pottery"; recently renewed edition of the National Scientific Yearbook " Ukrainian Ceramology "(Vol. 1: Ukrainian pottery of the Cossack period; Vol. 2: Attribution of Ceramics in Ukraine).

Participants of the symposium had the opportunity to visit special ceramological exhibitions and museums: the National Museum-Reserve of Ukrainian Pottery in Oposhnya, where the forum was held; Memorial museums-estates of the potter A. Selyuchenko, the potter family Poshivailo, the philosopher and collector of Oposhnyansky ceramics L. Smorzh; Art and Ethnographic Museum of the State Specialized Art Boarding School "Collegium of Arts in Kiev". Oposhne".

The organizers will publish the materials of the symposium in a separate volume of the National Scientific Yearbook "Ukrainian Ceramology". It will include both abstracted reports and those submitted by scientists who were unable to arrive in Ukraine.

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